Compilation of Black Soldier Fly Frass Analyses

Abstract In the context of black soldier fly (BSF) rearing, often residues from production — mainly faeces but also undigested substrate are addressed as frass in a broader sense. As BSF is expanding, valorization organic fertilizer gaining importance. However, contrast to established fertilizers, little known on properties and variation this by-product, which essential for assessing possible application purposes. To elaborate first overview relatively new waste stream, analyses literature anonymized enquired producers were compiled. For agricultural use fertilizer, their nutrient patterns assessed. With balanced nitrogen:phosphorous pentoxide:potassium oxide (N:P 2 O 5 :K O) ratio 1:0.9:1.1, can be characterized slightly alkaline (pH 7.5), nutrient-rich compound with especially micronutrient contents showing high variation. The comparably carbon-to-nitrogen low shares ammonium nitrogen indicate limited immediate release point applications long-term fertilizer. an one element fertilization strategy promising. By improving cycling back field, represent important sustainable circular agriculture. more information feed systems needs combined better understand contents.